General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Three supplementary budgets passed between October 2008 and May 2009 under the Asō cabinet totalling approximately ¥26 trillion of fiscal stimulus — the first life-support package (¥26.9tn headline, ~¥2tn real new spending, October 2008), a second package (¥27tn headline including loan guarantees, December 2008), and the largest — FY2009 first supplementary — passed May 2009 at ¥14.7tn real new spending (roughly 3% of GDP). Components included the ¥12,000 per resident teigaku kyūfukin cash handout, eco-car and eco-point subsidies for consumer durables, SME credit-guarantee expansion, employment adjustment subsidies (koyō chōsei josei-kin), and public-works frontloading. Japan's 2009 output still contracted 5.4% but rebounded sharply in 2010.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.