General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Zapatero II government's fiscal-stimulus package branded 'Plan Español para el Estímulo de la Economía y el Empleo': (i) €400 IRPF rebate per taxpayer (~€6bn); (ii) Fondo Estatal de Inversión Local (Nov 2008) €8bn for municipal public works on short timescales; (iii) Fondo Especial del Estado para la Dinamización de la Economía y el Empleo €3bn sectoral measures (auto scrappage, R&D, environmental infrastructure); (iv) SME credit-support ICO lines. Total ~€50bn headline package (2008-2009) — ~5% of GDP — drove deficit from -4.4% (2008) to -11.3% GDP (2009). Classic discretionary Keynesian response; subsequently criticised as having diluted fiscal buffer ahead of the sovereign crisis.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.