Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
The Waqf (Amendment) Act 2025, passed by Parliament 3-4 April 2025 and receiving Presidential assent 5 April 2025 (notified 8 April), amends the Waqf Act 1995. Key changes: renames the Act to the Unified Waqf Management, Empowerment, Efficiency and Development Act; requires that creators of waqf be practising Muslims for at least five years and legal owners of the property; removes 'waqf by user' going forward; mandates inclusion of non-Muslim and Muslim-woman members on Central Waqf Council and State Waqf Boards; transfers dispute-adjudication powers partly to designated revenue officers / courts from Waqf Tribunals; strengthens survey and registration requirements with defined digital portal. Challenged before the Supreme Court (multiple petitions filed April 2025); SC indicated status-quo on specified provisions pending constitutional-bench hearing. Coalition context: passed with JD(U) and TDP support after Joint Parliamentary Committee deliberations Aug 2024-Jan 2025.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.