Rule of law as institutional substrate — contract enforcement, judicial independence, equal treatment before the law. Upstream of most other axes.
Independence of the judiciary from executive and legislative encroachment. Specifically captures court-packing, selective prosecution, judicial reshuffles.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Enacted 30 Dec 1978, the 44th Amendment rolled back the Emergency-era 42nd Amendment (1976). Removed the right to property from Part III Fundamental Rights (Article 31 repealed, inserted as Article 300A ordinary constitutional right); required a written cabinet recommendation for Emergency declaration; restricted preventive detention; restored judicial review; guaranteed that Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended even during Emergency.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.