Statutory and effective corporate tax rates, treatment of depreciation, and international competitiveness.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Third iteration of the Tremonti-style capex incentive (D.L. 78/2009): firms deducting 50% of the cost of machinery investment (Ateco codes 'divisione 28' and specified equipment) from taxable base for the period July 2009-June 2010 as a counter-cyclical supply-side measure during the GFC. Budget cost estimated €0.7bn in 2010 and €1.5bn in 2011. Followed earlier Tremonti-bis (2001-2002) and Tremonti-quater structures.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.