Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
The Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law (Law No. 228 of 1949) created a comprehensive regime of capital and current-account controls that channelled all foreign exchange through the Bank of Japan and licensed import allocations through MITI. It became a core tool of post-war industrial policy: foreign technology licensing, raw-materials imports, and outward FDI all required government approval, allowing the state to ration scarce foreign exchange toward priority sectors during the high-growth era.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.