IESET.
Policies·jp_economic_security_act_2022

Japan — Economic Security Promotion Act and chip-sector subsidies (2022)

JPN·2022 present·enacted 2022-05-11·LDP-Komeito (Kishida administration)candidate
movessectoral subsidysectoral licensingtrade openness

What the policy did

Economic Security Promotion Act (Act on Promotion of Ensuring Security by Integrated Implementation of Economic Measures), promulgated 11 May 2022 and phased into force from August 2022 through 2024. Four pillars: (i) supply-chain resilience for designated "specified critical products" including semiconductors, rare earths, batteries, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials, with subsidy support and government stockpiling; (ii) ex-ante screening of infrastructure operators in 14 critical sectors (telecoms, electricity, finance, water, rail, etc) for foreign-supplied equipment and software; (iii) public-private partnership on sensitive emerging technologies with classified programmes; (iv) patent non-disclosure regime for dual-use inventions. Paired with substantial chip-sector subsidy spending — ~¥476bn to TSMC Kumamoto Fab 1, additional commitments to Fab 2 and Rapidus (targeting 2nm domestic logic production) and Kioxia/Western Digital memory investment, cumulatively exceeding ¥4tn.

Policy-content fingerprint — what this policy moved, on which axes

Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.

intended
sectoral subsidy
fiscal.sectoral_subsidy
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
increased · strong
expanded sectoral subsidies
¥4tn+ chip-sector commitments plus critical-supply-chain subsidy programmes.
sectoral licensing
regulatory.sectoral_licensing
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
increased · moderate
tighter sectoral licensing / more state gating
Infrastructure-operator screening regime adds ex-ante licensing-style review across 14 critical sectors.
trade openness
regulatory.trade_openness
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
decreased · weak
more protectionist
Screening of foreign-supplied equipment and patent-secrecy regime add friction to cross-border flows in targeted areas.

Enacted by

Empirical evidence — linked hypotheses

Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".

Canada’s long-run prosperity after the Canada–US Free Trade Agreement (1988) and NAFTA (1994) is more associated with market openness than with national industrial-policy initiatives.
canada_market_liberalisation_vs_state_industry_1988_2024inferred
viaregulatory.trade_opennessfiscal.sectoral_subsidy
INCONCLUSIVE_DATA_PENDING — treatment 'canada_post_1988' has no within-country variation under country fixed effects
run pending
Developmentalist East Asian states (South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, China) pursuing active industrial policy — export-discipline, selective credit, state-directed FDI screening, targeted sector promotion — achieved higher long-run real per-capita GDP growth over 1960-2019 than otherwise-comparable countries starting at similar income levels in 1960.
industrial_policy_developmentalist_states_growthinferred
viaregulatory.trade_opennessregulatory.sectoral_licensingfiscal.sectoral_subsidy
SUPPORTED — avg ATT across 4 developmentalist cases (KOR/TWN/SGP/CHN) is +1.088 log-points at 40-yr horizon (~+197%). 4/4 cases above the 30 log-point threshold…
supported
Across a broad panel of countries 1960-2019, higher trade openness predicts faster long-run convergence of real GDP per capita toward the global frontier (the United States) than industrial-policy intensity does.
trade_openness_long_run_income_convergenceinferred
viaregulatory.trade_opennessfiscal.sectoral_subsidy
PARTIAL — coef=+6.729e-18, p=0.00881; effect magnitude effectively zero
partial
In a panel of middle-income countries 1990-2020, export complexity (Hausmann-Hidalgo Economic Complexity Index) rises more following reforms that improve foreign market access and reduce domestic entry barriers than following expansions of subsidy-only industrial policy.
export_complexity_market_access_vs_subsidyinferred
viaregulatory.trade_opennessfiscal.sectoral_subsidy
PARTIAL — coef=+4.68e-14, p=0.393; effect magnitude effectively zero
partial
Estonia adopted among the most radical market-liberalisation packages of any post-Soviet state — flat tax (26% universal rate, 1994), currency board (EEK pegged to DM/EUR, 1992), rapid privatisation, unilateral free trade, and minimal capital controls — and by 2007 had recovered to Soviet-era GDP per capita levels and substantially exceeded them, while Belarusian and Ukrainian peers had not recovered comparably.
estonia_market_reform_post_soviet_growth_1991_2007inferred
viaregulatory.trade_openness
PARTIAL — recovery threshold pass=True (year_recovered=1998, 2007 vs 1991 = 70.53282727739165); Baltic−CIS gap pass=False (gap=5.1509956229348575)
partial
Consumer product variety and price-adjusted welfare improve more after episodes of trade liberalisation and competition-policy reform than after state industrial-policy episodes of comparable duration and scale, in a panel of middle- and high-income countries 1980-2020.
consumer_choice_variety_trade_market_reforminferred
viaregulatory.trade_opennessfiscal.sectoral_subsidyregulatory.sectoral_licensing
INCONCLUSIVE_DATA_PENDING — treatment 'competition_reform_episode' has no within-country variation under country fixed effects
run pending
Lula third-term's Nova Indústria Brasil 2024 industrial-policy package, conditioned on export performance and technology-diffusion metrics, produces measurable sectoral capability gains (semiconductors, green hydrogen, health-industrial complex) by 2030 — replicating the East Asian export-discipline conditionality pattern rather than the earlier Latin American import-substitution-industrialisation pattern.
nova_industria_brasil_export_discipline_pattern_effectinferred
viaregulatory.trade_opennessfiscal.sectoral_subsidy
INCONCLUSIVE_DATA_PENDING
run pending
Services trade liberalisation predicts stronger total factor productivity growth in high-income frontier economies after 1990 than goods-sector industrial policy does.
services_trade_liberalisation_frontier_growthinferred
viaregulatory.trade_opennessfiscal.sectoral_subsidyregulatory.sectoral_licensing
INCONCLUSIVE_DATA_PENDING — no outcome variable loaded; missing: ['oecd_stan:tfp_growth', 'constructed: EU KLEMS or OECD STAN sectoral TFP for services']
run pending

Similar historical policies

Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.

References