Statutory or administrative ceilings, freezes, margin caps, or mandated below-cost pass-through rules for goods and services outside housing. This axis separates direct price ceilings from general product-market entry regulation.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Policy posture toward energy supply security — domestic production capacity, import diversification, strategic reserves, nuclear stance, fossil-fuel mix discipline.
Madagascar adopted an automatic adjustment mechanism for domestic pump prices to reduce the fiscal cost of keeping retail fuel prices below import-parity levels. The reform was framed in IMF programme documents as a way to create fiscal space for priority spending while lowering arrears and quasi-fiscal pressure from fuel-price controls.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.