Environmental regulation stringency — emissions caps, standards, phase-out mandates, carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Policy posture toward energy supply security — domestic production capacity, import diversification, strategic reserves, nuclear stance, fossil-fuel mix discipline.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
The Clean Energy Act 2011 enacted under the Gillard Labor government with Greens support introduced Australia's first national carbon-pricing mechanism, applying a fixed AUD 23/tCO2 charge from 1 July 2012 on roughly 350 large emitters, scheduled to transition to a cap-and-trade scheme linked to the EU ETS in 2015. Paired with the Renewable Energy Target expansion and Clean Energy Finance Corporation, the package recycled revenue through household compensation and tax cuts.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.