Environmental regulation stringency — emissions caps, standards, phase-out mandates, carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards.
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Policy posture toward energy supply security — domestic production capacity, import diversification, strategic reserves, nuclear stance, fossil-fuel mix discipline.
Following the Fukushima accident in March 2011, the Merkel government reversed its 2010 extension of nuclear plant lifetimes, legislated the phase-out of all German nuclear generation by 2022, and accelerated the Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) feed-in-tariff framework for renewables. The package was extended under subsequent coalitions (Grand Coalition 2013, Grand Coalition 2018, Ampel 2021) with further environmental stringency (coal phase-out targets, 2030/2045 climate-neutrality) and — jointly — deepening dependence on pipeline gas imports. The 2022 Russian gas crisis surfaced the supply-security implications explicitly.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.
Energiewende is explicitly called out in mega-spec §J.1.4 and §J.2.3 as a calibration case for channel-separated intervention measurement: the regulatory-channel effects are large and measurable, the fiscal-channel effects are meaningful but secondary. The intended_vs_unintended distinction on supply security is the analytically important feature.