Size of cash and near-cash transfer programmes (unemployment benefits, means-tested assistance, universal child benefits). Architecturally distinct from forced-saving schemes — see condition welfare_architecture.
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Constitutional Amendment 132/2023, approved by Congress in December 2023 under the Lula third term, reformed Brazil's notoriously fragmented consumption-tax regime by replacing PIS, Cofins, IPI, ICMS, and ISS with a dual VAT — the federal CBS and the state/municipal IBS — plus a selective "Imposto Seletivo" excise on health- and environment-harming goods. The reform is to be phased in through 2033, with regulating complementary laws and a 50-year revenue-equivalence transition for subnational governments.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.