Ease of hiring/firing, collective-bargaining scope, minimum wage rigidity, temporary/permanent contract regulation.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Expansion of the short-time-work (Kurzarbeit) regime during the 2008-2009 GFC: maximum duration extended from 6 to 18 then 24 months; employer SSC reimbursement raised to 50% after 6 months then 100% during further-training periods; qualification requirements relaxed; simplified application process. Take-up peaked at ~1.5m workers (May 2009) — roughly 4% of workforce — concentrated in manufacturing and export sectors. Credited with limiting Germany's unemployment rise to ~0.4pp while GDP fell 5.7% in 2009 (US unemployment rose ~5pp on a 2.5% GDP fall).
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.