Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Under the EPRDF, Ethiopia retained the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia and Development Bank of Ethiopia as state-owned dominant lenders while excluding foreign banks from market entry. Monetary Authority Proclamation 591/2008 and prior banking regulations directed state bank credit toward government priority projects (parks, dams, infrastructure), used reserve and bond requirements to compel private banks to finance public investment, and rationed foreign exchange through National Bank allocation.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.