Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
General government spending as share of GDP, excluding transfers already captured under fiscal.transfer_expansion to avoid double-counting.
EPU plan covering 1981-1985 under NEP Phase II. Heavy-industrialisation drive through HICOM (Perwaja Steel, Kedah Cement, Proton). GDP growth ~5.2% annual, below 7.6% target. Commodity-price collapse 1985 (rubber, palm oil, tin) drove 1986 recession; plan shortfall forced 1985 mid-term review and New Economic Policy recalibration toward investment-incentive regime (Promotion of Investments Act 1986).
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.