Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Progressivity of the personal income tax schedule, including top marginal rates, bracket spread, and targeted credits (EITC-equivalents).
GIDC Act 2015 re-enacted a surcharge on natural-gas consumption by industrial and fertiliser sectors intended to finance the Iran- Pakistan and TAPI gas-import pipelines and LNG infrastructure. Replaced the 2011 GIDC Ordinance struck down by the Supreme Court in 2014. Ring-fenced for gas-sector capex but became general- revenue-substitute in practice. Subject to extensive litigation; Supreme Court 2020 Attock Cement judgment allowed collection of past arrears in 24 monthly instalments. Represents a classic earmarked-surcharge revenue instrument with weak earmark enforcement.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.