Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Established by Law 646 of 10 August 1950, the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno was a special-purpose extra-budgetary agency that channelled large public investment into southern Italian regions across infrastructure, agriculture, and (after 1957) industrial subsidies for southern factory construction. Operating across the De Gasperi and successor Christian-Democrat governments until its 1984 liquidation, the Cassa funded motorways, irrigation, and IRI plant siting, and became a leading example of long-running place-based industrial policy with mixed productivity outcomes and well-documented patronage capture.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.