Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Law 136 of 10 February 1953 established Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI) as a state holding company consolidating AGIP and other public hydrocarbon assets, with a statutory monopoly on Po Valley natural-gas exploration and an explicit mandate to secure Italian energy independence. Under founder Enrico Mattei, ENI pursued aggressive overseas oil-supply contracts on terms more generous to host countries than the "Seven Sisters" majors and built downstream petrochemical and service-station networks.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.