Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
De jure and de facto independence of the central bank from fiscal authority. Per D.1.5 scope, one of the framework's defensible monetary positions.
Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
As Budget Minister and de facto Banca d'Italia governor in 1947, Luigi Einaudi sharply raised reserve requirements on commercial-bank deposits, halted the lira's depreciation and broke the postwar inflation spiral by tightening credit and fiscal restraint. The September 1947 stabilisation re-anchored price expectations within months and is generally treated as the foundational moment of postwar Italian monetary credibility, enabling the subsequent Bretton Woods peg and the early-1950s liberalisation steps.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.