Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Security of private property rights — formal recognition, expropriation risk, titling systems.
Phased extension of the right to import and export goods to all Chinese enterprises and (within three years) foreign-invested firms, eliminating the prior monopoly of designated state foreign-trade corporations. Implemented through the 2004 amended Foreign Trade Law as a core WTO-accession commitment, opening the trading channel to direct private and foreign participation.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.