Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Immigration policy openness — work visas, family reunification, asylum processing, border enforcement posture.
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
The Second Banking Coordination Directive (89/646/EEC) established the EU "single banking licence" (banking passport), allowing credit institutions authorised in any member state to provide services and open branches across the EU on the basis of home-country authorisation and supervision. Combined with the 1988 capital-movements directive, it operationalised free movement of financial services in the run-up to the 1992 single-market completion deadline.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.