Product-market regulation, entry barriers, licensing burdens, network-industry regulation, price controls.
Trade policy openness — tariffs, non-tariff barriers, FTAs, industrial protection.
Immigration policy openness — work visas, family reunification, asylum processing, border enforcement posture.
Sector-specific licensing regimes, concentration / quota allocation, state-controlled entry (energy, telecoms, healthcare, banking).
In preparation for the abolition of internal customs frontiers on 1 January 1993, the Council adopted Directive 91/680/EEC and Directive 92/77/EEC harmonising VAT rules: a transitional regime for intra-Community trade replaced import VAT at internal borders with destination-principle reverse-charge accounting, and a minimum standard rate of 15% with reduced-rate floors was set. The reforms allowed the single market to function without fiscal frontiers between member states.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.