Targeted industrial and sectoral subsidies (renewable energy, chip manufacturing, agriculture, green hydrogen, etc).
Environmental regulation stringency — emissions caps, standards, phase-out mandates, carbon pricing, renewable portfolio standards.
METI Green Growth Strategy, first published 25 December 2020 and revised June 2021, identifies 14 priority industries — including offshore wind, hydrogen and ammonia, next-gen nuclear, automotive and storage batteries, semiconductors and ICT, ships, logistics and infrastructure, food and agriculture, aviation, carbon recycling, housing and buildings, resource circulation, and lifestyle-related — and sets quantitative capacity and cost targets (e.g. 30-45 GW offshore wind by 2040). Paired with the ¥2tn Green Innovation Fund administered by NEDO, committing multi-year R&D and demonstration subsidies of up to 10 years per project. Precursor to the Kishida-era GX framework which scaled up the fiscal envelope via GX Transition Bonds.
Per invariant 3, reforms are scored by what they did on each channel-separated axis, not by the party that enacted them. This fingerprint is how the policy-match engine finds historical analogues.
Explicit links are curated by the author. Inferred links are hypotheses in the library that test the same axes this policy moved — the framework's answer to "what does the data say about a policy like this?".
Ranked by axis-fingerprint overlap with this policy. Direction match bolded — those are the closest historical analogues. Shape of the match is what drives policy-outcome comparison, not the country or party label.